{"id":163469,"date":"2025-12-12T11:41:39","date_gmt":"2025-12-12T11:41:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/?p=163469"},"modified":"2025-12-12T11:41:41","modified_gmt":"2025-12-12T11:41:41","slug":"india-pli-drives-robust-solar-manufacturing-but-upstream-lacking-muscle","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/india-pli-drives-robust-solar-manufacturing-but-upstream-lacking-muscle\/","title":{"rendered":"India\u2019s PLI drives \u2018robust\u2019 solar manufacturing, but upstream lacking muscle"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"waaree
The country has reached 120GW of operational capacity for modules and 29.3GW for cells as of June. Image: Waaree<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

India\u2019s flagship solar PV manufacturing incentive has driven \u201crobust growth\u201d in the sector since its launch, but hurdles remain to building a complete domestic supply chain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A new report from the Institute for Energy Economics and Financial Analysis (IEEFA), an energy transition think tank, said that India\u2019s Production Linked Incentive (PLI) has driven significant expansions in domestic solar manufacturing capacity since 2022. The country has reached 120GW of operational capacity for modules and 29.3GW for cells as of June, with 82GW in modules and 22.7GW in cells having come online since 2022. This is a 216% and 344% increase, respectively, in the last three years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe scheme channels government support towards measurable industrial output, helping build durable, long-term manufacturing capacity,\u201d said\u00a0Vibhuti Garg, director at IEEFA South Asia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, upstream manufacturing capacity lags significantly behind module and cell, the report said. India has 3.3GW of operational polysilicon production capacity and 5.3GW of wafer capacity, all of which was driven by the PLI.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The PLI scheme offers companies rewards for producing solar products and components in India, rather than offering up-front capital subsidies, hence its \u201cproduction linked\u201d moniker.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite its upstream success, \u201cThe PLI scheme for solar PV manufacturing faces implementation challenges like high capital intensity of upstream integration, inadequate incentives, inconsistencies in trade policy, import dependency, and global raw material price volatility,\u201d says Prabhakar Sharma, senior consultant, JMK Research, and one of the report\u2019s authors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

India does not have the same restrictions on wafer and polysilicon imports as it does for solar cells and modules. IEEFA said that combined with restrictions on modules under the Approved List of Models and Manufacturers (ALMM) scheme and \u201cfrequent ALMM revisions\u201d, this has created uncertainty for domestic manufacturers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On the other hand, very few countries have managed to effectively build an upstream solar supply chain outside of China. Polysilicon and silicon wafer facilities are more expensive, more complex and slower to build than solar module or cell facilities, a story which has played out in the US as well as India.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The polysilicon sector has also been particularly volatile in recent years, with chronic oversupply and rock bottom prices for major Chinese producers, which have triggered efforts for industry restructuring by Beijing in recent months. This exposes Indian manufacturers to price spikes and uncertainty, IEEFA\u2019s report said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIndia\u2019s reliance on imported machinery, components, and Chinese technical expertise has further slowed capacity ramp-up, a situation worsened by visa restrictions and limited equipment availability,\u201d said Chirag H Tewani, senior research associate at JMK Research, and a co-author of the report.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Moreover, the report said that delays in establishing PLI-compliant manufacturing facilities have meant that India has missed its industry targets.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cDelays in implementing PLI solar PV facilities have also limited the scheme\u2019s economic impact,\u201d said Sharma. As of June 2025, only 31GW of the targeted 65GW module capacity was commissioned, attracting roughly Rs48,120\u202fcrore (~US$5.5\u202fbillion) in investments and creating 38,500 direct jobs \u2014 far below the targets of Rs94,000\u202fcrore (US$10.45 billion) and 195,000 direct jobs, the report said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

IEEFA recommended that future PLI iterations should include \u201ccomprehensive manufacturing-linked framework that integrates fiscal support, upfront capital subsidies, ancillary development and longer policy tenures.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFuture PLI iterations should focus on improving cost competitiveness, upstream integration and market resilience,\u201d says Aman Gupta, research associate at JMK Research, and an author of the report. It called for comprehensive measures, including \u201ctax credits, low-cost financing, and risk buffers\u00a0against global price volatility;\u00a0layered incentives and longer policy horizons\u00a0to encourage full value-chain participation; and\u00a0support for critical components\u00a0to foster an integrated domestic supply chain.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 PV Tech Premium <\/a><\/em>examined<\/a> India\u2019s prospects as a major solar exporter last year.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

India\u2019s flagship solar PV manufacturing incentive has driven \u201crobust growth\u201d in the sector since its launch, but hurdles remain to building a complete domestic supply chain.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":161,"featured_media":136776,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[69,243,8887,132,9742,9697],"paywall-tags":[],"regions":[30,33],"industry-segments":[13,8,12,14],"class_list":["post-163469","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news","tag-csi-manufacturing","tag-india","tag-pli","tag-polysilicon","tag-production-linked-incentive-2","tag-wafer-manufacturers","regions-asia-oceania","regions-central-east-asia","industry-segments-cell-processing","industry-segments-manufacturing","industry-segments-materials","industry-segments-modules"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nIndia\u2019s PLI drives \u2018robust\u2019 solar manufacturing - PV Tech<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"India\u2019s flagship solar PV manufacturing incentive 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