{"id":153638,"date":"2025-05-06T14:15:38","date_gmt":"2025-05-06T14:15:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/?p=153638"},"modified":"2025-05-06T14:15:41","modified_gmt":"2025-05-06T14:15:41","slug":"floating-pv-policy-incentives-realise-considerable-potential","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/floating-pv-policy-incentives-realise-considerable-potential\/","title":{"rendered":"Floating PV needs policy and incentives to realise considerable potential"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"Presentation
Sarah Kluge of DMEC highlights how the production profiles of wind and solar compliment one another. Image: Solar Media.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Building floating PV (FPV) projects on just 10% of the world\u2019s suitable water reservoirs could almost single-handedly meet the world\u2019s electricity demand, but supportive legislation is vital to ensure these projects are financially viable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These were some of the key arguments made by speakers on an FPV panel held on the first day of this year\u2019s Intersolar Europe event in Germany. Dr Thomas Reindl, deputy CEO of the Solar Energy Research Institute of Singapore (SERIS) at the National University of Singapore, outlined the considerable potential for FPV projects around the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIf we do a conservative assessment, and only cover 10% of suitable reservoirs, the total potential capacity is 22TW; that would generate around 33,000TWh a year in PV generation, which is about the electricity consumption of the world today,\u201d said Reindl.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe also calculated the savings in water \u2013 because you have a reduction in evaporation from the reservoir \u2013 and that number is about 5% of the global water demand today, that we could provide by just adding these floating solar systems.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Presentation
\u201cThis is all in the terawatt-scale; the potential is enormous,\u201d said Dr Thomas Reindl of SERIS, pointing to viable areas where floating PV could conservatively be deployed. Image: Solar Media.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

He went on to highlight that much of this capacity could be built on a relatively small area of water. By eliminating a number of areas of ocean based on wave height, wind speed and absence of ice, accounting for the vast majority of the world\u2019s water, only a fraction of the world\u2019s water surface would be suitable for FPV, as shown in blue on the map above, but that this should not dissuade investments in the sector.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThis is all in the terawatt-scale; the potential is enormous,\u201d said Reindl, of a sector that has around 9.2GW of cumulative installed capacity in operation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Making the business case<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Despite this considerable potential, the fact remains that FPV accounts for less than 1% of the world\u2019s operating solar capacity, according to another speaker, Vincent Grumetz, EMEA managing director at Ciel & Terre International. Michele Tagliapietra, head of product management for FPV at BayWa r.e., went on to point out that project finance is a key reason for this.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFloating PV is more expensive than ground-mounted, but there are other reasons to do floating and other ways to make a floating project viable technically and financially,\u201d said Tagliapietra. \u201cThe capex is higher than ground-mount \u2013 it\u2019s reducing \u2013 but it\u2019s unlikely the gap will be fully closed.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhat\u2019s more complex is to find the right offtaker,\u201d he continued, echoing a discussion held earlier in the day<\/a> regarding growing complexity in the solar power purchase agreement (PPA) space.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIn most cases, your normal PPA, which might work for a ground mount project, is not enough to make the business case viable. Incentives and contract for difference (CfD) options are likely needed to make the project viable.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, rather than presenting this as an insurmountable obstacle to FPV potential, he discussed comments made by Reindl that this should encourage the creation of different, and more tailored, offtake agreements and financial mechanisms.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cAs Reindl says, there are different lakes where you can install floating solar, and the way to make it work is to do self-consumption behind the meter for industrial users on the lake,\u201d said Tagliapietra. \u201cThat doesn\u2019t rely on an offtake structure like a PPA, but reduces the energy bill of the activity near the lake.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sarah Kluge, project manager at the Dutch Marine Energy Centre (DMEC), suggested that co-locating offshore solar projects with offshore wind projects could be another way forward, as developers look to take advantage of a shared grid connection and offshore platform to minimise the considerable capex of a floating project.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Using the example of a hybrid solar-wind project off the Dutch coast, which is set to come online in 2031 and combine 705MW of wind capacity with 700MW of solar capacity, Kluge noted that DMEC forecasts the project to export 15% more power annually than separate projects would do.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Crucially, the monthly curtailment ratio would fall by 3%, compared to standalone projects, as the complimentary nature of wind and solar generation means a co-located production profile is much more consistent than those of separate projects: as wind production declines in summer as wind speeds slow, solar production grows as sunlight hours increase.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhat does our energy production profile look like?\u201d asked Kluge, pointing out that the project\u2019s capacity factor is expected to increase from below 40% to about 50%. \u201cOffshore solar can nicely fill in there.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Improving performance and profits<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

However, a number of speakers pointed out that more can be done, both to improve the technical and financial performance of FPV assets. Kluge noted, for instance, that the DMEC settled on a project with a combined 1.4GW of capacity because a combination of 700MW of solar capacity and 705MW of wind capacity yields the lowest potential curtailment rate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Considering Reindl\u2019s comments that the potential of FPV ought to be measured in terawatts, rather than megawatts, cutting curtailment will be key if hybrid renewable projects like these are to become more commonplace. This concern also echoes earlier sentiments expressed by the International Energy Agency (IEA) that gaps in both technical knowledge and legislative clarity have slowed the adoption of FPV<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThere is an intention and a push for renewables and for dual use of land and water [in Europe],\u201d added Tagliapietra, agreeing that the combination of different technologies at the same project can create legislative confusion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThere are public consultations ongoing from the European Commission to push this even further, and an EU directive that established the concept of a \u2018renewables acceleration area\u2019. The general framework is there, but the implementation for specific countries is still not homogeneous. In some countries, there are specific regulations that have been implemented,\u201d he said, referring to the policy framework in Germany as \u201cmissing\u201d and \u201cunclear\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIn some countries you have an incentive but not a regulation, in others you have a regulation but not an incentive,\u201d he said, calling for greater legislative support. \u201cIn lucky countries, you have both; in unlucky countries, you have neither.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Building floating PV (FPV) projects on just 10% of the world\u2019s water reservoirs could almost single-handedly meet global electricity demand.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":165,"featured_media":153640,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[829,116,238,1986,1682,13209,1704,1714],"paywall-tags":[],"regions":[28],"industry-segments":[9724,9],"class_list":["post-153638","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news","tag-deployment","tag-finance","tag-floating-pv","tag-fpv","tag-intersolar","tag-intersolar-2025","tag-intersolar-europe","tag-projects","regions-europe","industry-segments-new-technology","industry-segments-power-plants"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nFloating PV needs incentives to realise considerable potential - PV Tech<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" 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