{"id":152616,"date":"2025-04-10T10:49:13","date_gmt":"2025-04-10T10:49:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/?p=152616"},"modified":"2025-04-10T10:49:15","modified_gmt":"2025-04-10T10:49:15","slug":"topcon-uv-tests-exaggerate-degradation-issues-fraunhofer-ise","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/topcon-uv-tests-exaggerate-degradation-issues-fraunhofer-ise\/","title":{"rendered":"TOPCon UV tests \u2018exaggerate\u2019 degradation issues \u2013 Fraunhofer ISE"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"737\" src=\"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Grafik_TOPCon-Module-Ergbnisse-UV-Tests-mit-Stabilisierung-1024x737.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-152617\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Grafik_TOPCon-Module-Ergbnisse-UV-Tests-mit-Stabilisierung-1024x737.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Grafik_TOPCon-Module-Ergbnisse-UV-Tests-mit-Stabilisierung-300x216.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Grafik_TOPCon-Module-Ergbnisse-UV-Tests-mit-Stabilisierung-768x553.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Grafik_TOPCon-Module-Ergbnisse-UV-Tests-mit-Stabilisierung.jpg 1112w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Fraunhofer&#8217;s research studied the relative power loss of various commercial module types after UV testing. Lines of the same colour represent tests on the same module types. The modules were measured without and with stabilisation; after stabilisation, a significant recovery was observed, although not to the initial level. Image: Fraunhofer ISE<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Concerns over the performance of TOPCon cells following UV exposure may be exaggerated, according to research by Germany\u2019s Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems (ISE).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Fraunhofer\u2019s researchers investigated the common methods used to test for UV degradation and found that they can overstate the extent of the issue compared to what is experienced in the field.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The rapid ascent of TOPCon market dominance has been <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/fraunhofer-ise-study-uncovers-critical-degradation-in-topcon-modules\/\">overshadowed by mounting evidence <\/a>suggesting the cell technology displays certain key vulnerabilities, notably to UV exposure and light- and temperature-induced degradation. As Fraunhofer noted, this has caused concern among PV developers, operators and investors given the high market penetration TOPCon now enjoys.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>However, the institute said the current standard UV test painted an inaccurate picture of the real-world degradation a TOPCon module might sustain from UV exposure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Notably, Fraunhofer\u2019s research found that to achieve results that more accurately reflect field degradation, the PV modules must be stabilised after testing in order to distinguish UV-sensitive from less sensitive module types and evaluate them comparably.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The research indicated that UV degradation during testing destabilises modules to such an extent that they significantly lose efficiency during dark storage after UV exposure. Subsequent exposure to sunlight, however, leads to significant recovery, yielding degradation measurements closer to the values \u200b\u200bactually measured in practice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Fraunhofer said some PV modules showed hardly any degradation after UV testing at 60kWh per square meter, roughly equivalent to one year&#8217;s UV exposure in Germany, and subsequent stabilisation under sunlight. Other modules still showed significant performance declines of up to 5% even after stabilisation. Overall, the researchers concluded that the degradation appears to be significantly less drastic than the standard UV tests suggest.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cUnfortunately, many module types of the current generation of commercial TOPCon PV modules react sensitively to UV irradiation. &#8216;Field returns&#8217; and comparisons between laboratory-aged and field-aged modules also confirm this. However, the degradation rate does not appear to be as drastic as previously assumed,&#8221; said Daniel Philipp, Head of the Module Characterisation and Reliability Department at Fraunhofer ISE. &#8220;We recommend that users test PV modules according to the latest findings. Researchers need to further analyse this phenomenon in order to more accurately predict the long-term effects of solar radiation on module yield.&#8221;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Fraunhofer said UV tests in the laboratory simulate the natural UV radiation to which PV modules are exposed in real-world conditions, but significantly increase the irradiation intensity to accelerate ageing and enable predictions about long-term performance losses.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Concerns over the performance of TOPCon solar cells following UV exposure may be exaggerated, according to research by Germany\u2019s Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems (ISE).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":152617,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[8716,1054,10333,72,125,428,13190],"paywall-tags":[],"regions":[28],"industry-segments":[8,14],"class_list":["post-152616","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news","tag-c-si-manufacturing","tag-fraunhofer-ise","tag-module-degradation","tag-pv-modules","tag-solar-pv","tag-topcon","tag-uv-degradation-2","regions-europe","industry-segments-manufacturing","industry-segments-modules"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.4 (Yoast SEO v26.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>TOPCon UV tests \u2018exaggerate\u2019 degradation issues \u2013 Fraunhofer ISE - PV Tech<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Concerns over the performance of TOPCon cells following UV exposure may be exaggerated, according to research by Germany\u2019s Fraunhofer ISE.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/topcon-uv-tests-exaggerate-degradation-issues-fraunhofer-ise\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"TOPCon UV tests \u2018exaggerate\u2019 degradation issues \u2013 Fraunhofer ISE\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Concerns over the performance of TOPCon cells following UV exposure may be exaggerated, according to research by Germany\u2019s Fraunhofer ISE.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/topcon-uv-tests-exaggerate-degradation-issues-fraunhofer-ise\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"PV Tech\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/PV-Tech\/360525490632679\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-04-10T10:49:13+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-04-10T10:49:15+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Grafik_TOPCon-Module-Ergbnisse-UV-Tests-mit-Stabilisierung.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1112\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"800\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Ben Willis\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@pv_tech\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@pv_tech\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Ben Willis\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/topcon-uv-tests-exaggerate-degradation-issues-fraunhofer-ise\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/topcon-uv-tests-exaggerate-degradation-issues-fraunhofer-ise\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Ben Willis\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/#\/schema\/person\/18aa7687ef8eaa4a4053dbc5206d706a\"},\"headline\":\"TOPCon UV tests \u2018exaggerate\u2019 degradation issues \u2013 Fraunhofer ISE\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-04-10T10:49:13+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-04-10T10:49:15+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/topcon-uv-tests-exaggerate-degradation-issues-fraunhofer-ise\/\"},\"wordCount\":469,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/topcon-uv-tests-exaggerate-degradation-issues-fraunhofer-ise\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Grafik_TOPCon-Module-Ergbnisse-UV-Tests-mit-Stabilisierung.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"c-si manufacturing\",\"fraunhofer ise\",\"module degradation\",\"pv modules\",\"solar pv\",\"topcon\",\"UV degradation\"],\"articleSection\":[\"News\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"copyrightYear\":\"2025\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/topcon-uv-tests-exaggerate-degradation-issues-fraunhofer-ise\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/topcon-uv-tests-exaggerate-degradation-issues-fraunhofer-ise\/\",\"name\":\"TOPCon UV tests \u2018exaggerate\u2019 degradation issues \u2013 Fraunhofer ISE - PV Tech\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/topcon-uv-tests-exaggerate-degradation-issues-fraunhofer-ise\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/topcon-uv-tests-exaggerate-degradation-issues-fraunhofer-ise\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Grafik_TOPCon-Module-Ergbnisse-UV-Tests-mit-Stabilisierung.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-04-10T10:49:13+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-04-10T10:49:15+00:00\",\"description\":\"Concerns over the performance of TOPCon cells following UV exposure may be exaggerated, according to research by Germany\u2019s Fraunhofer ISE.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/topcon-uv-tests-exaggerate-degradation-issues-fraunhofer-ise\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/topcon-uv-tests-exaggerate-degradation-issues-fraunhofer-ise\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/topcon-uv-tests-exaggerate-degradation-issues-fraunhofer-ise\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Grafik_TOPCon-Module-Ergbnisse-UV-Tests-mit-Stabilisierung.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Grafik_TOPCon-Module-Ergbnisse-UV-Tests-mit-Stabilisierung.jpg\",\"width\":1112,\"height\":800},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/topcon-uv-tests-exaggerate-degradation-issues-fraunhofer-ise\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"TOPCon UV tests \u2018exaggerate\u2019 degradation issues \u2013 Fraunhofer ISE\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/\",\"name\":\"PV Tech\",\"description\":\"The number one source for in-depth and up-to-the-minute news, technical articles, blogs and reviews on the international solar PV supply chain.\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/#organization\",\"name\":\"PV Tech\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/pv-tech-logo.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/pv-tech-logo.png\",\"width\":437,\"height\":100,\"caption\":\"PV Tech\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/PV-Tech\/360525490632679\",\"https:\/\/x.com\/pv_tech\"]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/#\/schema\/person\/18aa7687ef8eaa4a4053dbc5206d706a\",\"name\":\"Ben Willis\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/047c4231925c8e51f3f2489482f15e534ad898950046239ed83003da95e91110?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/047c4231925c8e51f3f2489482f15e534ad898950046239ed83003da95e91110?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Ben Willis\"},\"description\":\"Ben Willis is Solar Media\u2019s Head of Content. Ben is an award-winning journalist and editor with a background in environmental, development and social policy issues. His work has appeared in the Guardian and Telegraph, and numerous consumer and specialist publications, including Geographical and The Ecologist magazines. In 2008 he won the Guardian\u2019s award for international development journalism for coverage of the impacts of climate change in West Africa and Southeast Asia.\u201d\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/author\/ben-willis\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"TOPCon UV tests \u2018exaggerate\u2019 degradation issues \u2013 Fraunhofer ISE - PV Tech","description":"Concerns over the performance of TOPCon cells following UV exposure may be exaggerated, according to research by Germany\u2019s Fraunhofer ISE.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/topcon-uv-tests-exaggerate-degradation-issues-fraunhofer-ise\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"TOPCon UV tests \u2018exaggerate\u2019 degradation issues \u2013 Fraunhofer ISE","og_description":"Concerns over the performance of TOPCon cells following UV exposure may be exaggerated, according to research by Germany\u2019s Fraunhofer ISE.","og_url":"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/topcon-uv-tests-exaggerate-degradation-issues-fraunhofer-ise\/","og_site_name":"PV Tech","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/PV-Tech\/360525490632679","article_published_time":"2025-04-10T10:49:13+00:00","article_modified_time":"2025-04-10T10:49:15+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1112,"height":800,"url":"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Grafik_TOPCon-Module-Ergbnisse-UV-Tests-mit-Stabilisierung.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Ben Willis","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@pv_tech","twitter_site":"@pv_tech","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Ben Willis","Est. reading time":"3 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/topcon-uv-tests-exaggerate-degradation-issues-fraunhofer-ise\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/topcon-uv-tests-exaggerate-degradation-issues-fraunhofer-ise\/"},"author":{"name":"Ben Willis","@id":"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/#\/schema\/person\/18aa7687ef8eaa4a4053dbc5206d706a"},"headline":"TOPCon UV tests \u2018exaggerate\u2019 degradation issues \u2013 Fraunhofer ISE","datePublished":"2025-04-10T10:49:13+00:00","dateModified":"2025-04-10T10:49:15+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/topcon-uv-tests-exaggerate-degradation-issues-fraunhofer-ise\/"},"wordCount":469,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/topcon-uv-tests-exaggerate-degradation-issues-fraunhofer-ise\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Grafik_TOPCon-Module-Ergbnisse-UV-Tests-mit-Stabilisierung.jpg","keywords":["c-si manufacturing","fraunhofer ise","module degradation","pv modules","solar pv","topcon","UV degradation"],"articleSection":["News"],"inLanguage":"en-US","copyrightYear":"2025","copyrightHolder":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/#organization"}},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/topcon-uv-tests-exaggerate-degradation-issues-fraunhofer-ise\/","url":"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/topcon-uv-tests-exaggerate-degradation-issues-fraunhofer-ise\/","name":"TOPCon UV tests \u2018exaggerate\u2019 degradation issues \u2013 Fraunhofer ISE - PV Tech","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/topcon-uv-tests-exaggerate-degradation-issues-fraunhofer-ise\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/topcon-uv-tests-exaggerate-degradation-issues-fraunhofer-ise\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Grafik_TOPCon-Module-Ergbnisse-UV-Tests-mit-Stabilisierung.jpg","datePublished":"2025-04-10T10:49:13+00:00","dateModified":"2025-04-10T10:49:15+00:00","description":"Concerns over the performance of TOPCon cells following UV exposure may be exaggerated, according to research by Germany\u2019s Fraunhofer ISE.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/topcon-uv-tests-exaggerate-degradation-issues-fraunhofer-ise\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/topcon-uv-tests-exaggerate-degradation-issues-fraunhofer-ise\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/topcon-uv-tests-exaggerate-degradation-issues-fraunhofer-ise\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Grafik_TOPCon-Module-Ergbnisse-UV-Tests-mit-Stabilisierung.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Grafik_TOPCon-Module-Ergbnisse-UV-Tests-mit-Stabilisierung.jpg","width":1112,"height":800},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/topcon-uv-tests-exaggerate-degradation-issues-fraunhofer-ise\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"TOPCon UV tests \u2018exaggerate\u2019 degradation issues \u2013 Fraunhofer ISE"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/","name":"PV Tech","description":"The number one source for in-depth and up-to-the-minute news, technical articles, blogs and reviews on the international solar PV supply chain.","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/#organization","name":"PV Tech","url":"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/pv-tech-logo.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/pv-tech-logo.png","width":437,"height":100,"caption":"PV Tech"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/PV-Tech\/360525490632679","https:\/\/x.com\/pv_tech"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/#\/schema\/person\/18aa7687ef8eaa4a4053dbc5206d706a","name":"Ben Willis","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/047c4231925c8e51f3f2489482f15e534ad898950046239ed83003da95e91110?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/047c4231925c8e51f3f2489482f15e534ad898950046239ed83003da95e91110?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Ben Willis"},"description":"Ben Willis is Solar Media\u2019s Head of Content. Ben is an award-winning journalist and editor with a background in environmental, development and social policy issues. His work has appeared in the Guardian and Telegraph, and numerous consumer and specialist publications, including Geographical and The Ecologist magazines. In 2008 he won the Guardian\u2019s award for international development journalism for coverage of the impacts of climate change in West Africa and Southeast Asia.\u201d","url":"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/author\/ben-willis\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/152616","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=152616"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/152616\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":152624,"href":"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/152616\/revisions\/152624"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/152617"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=152616"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=152616"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=152616"},{"taxonomy":"paywall-tags","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/paywall-tags?post=152616"},{"taxonomy":"regions","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/regions?post=152616"},{"taxonomy":"industry-segments","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/industry-segments?post=152616"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}