{"id":10969,"date":"2016-02-17T12:12:00","date_gmt":"2016-02-17T12:12:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/v4.pv-tech.org\/technical-papers\/inline-quality-rating-of-multicrystalline-wafers-relevance-approach-and-performance-of-albsf-and-perc-processes\/"},"modified":"2023-07-28T16:47:18","modified_gmt":"2023-07-28T16:47:18","slug":"inline-quality-rating-of-multicrystalline-wafers-relevance-approach-and-performance-of-albsf-and-perc-processes","status":"publish","type":"technical-papers","link":"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/technical-papers\/inline-quality-rating-of-multicrystalline-wafers-relevance-approach-and-performance-of-albsf-and-perc-processes\/","title":{"rendered":"Inline quality rating of multicrystalline wafers \u2013 Relevance, approach and performance of Al&#45;BSF and PERC processes"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>By Matthias Demant, Theresa Strauch, Jonas Haunschild &#038; Stefan Rein, Fraunhofer ISE; Kirsten Sunder &#038; Oliver Anspach, PV Crystalox Solar Silicon<\/p>\n<p>With the transition of the cell structure from aluminium back&#45;surface field (Al&#45;BSF) to passivated emitter and rear cell (PERC), the efficiency of multicrystalline silicon solar cells becomes more and more sensitive to variations in electrical material quality. Moreover, the variety of multicrystalline materials has increased with the introduction of high&#45;performance multicrystalline silicon. For these reasons, a reliable and verifiable assessment of the electrical material quality of multicrystalline wafers gains importance: to this end, a rating procedure based on photoluminescence imaging has been developed.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>With the transition of the cell structure from aluminium back&#45;surface field (Al&#45;BSF) to passivated emitter and rear cell (PERC), the efficiency of multicrystalline silicon solar cells becomes more and more sensitive to variations in electrical material quality. Moreover, the variety of multicrystalline materials has increased with the introduction of high&#45;performance multicrystalline silicon. For these reasons, a reliable and verifiable assessment of the electrical material quality of multicrystalline wafers gains importance: to this end, a rating procedure based on photoluminescence imaging has been developed.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":28321,"template":"","paywall-tags":[8671],"technical-papers-categories":[2931,2921],"class_list":["post-10969","technical-papers","type-technical-papers","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","paywall-tags-premium","technical-papers-categories-materials","technical-papers-categories-photovoltaics-international-papers"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.4 (Yoast SEO v26.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Inline quality rating of multicrystalline wafers \u2013 Relevance, approach and performance of Al&#045;BSF and PERC processes - PV Tech<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/technical-papers\/inline-quality-rating-of-multicrystalline-wafers-relevance-approach-and-performance-of-albsf-and-perc-processes\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Inline quality rating of multicrystalline wafers \u2013 Relevance, approach and performance of Al&#045;BSF and PERC processes\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"With the transition of the cell structure from aluminium back&#045;surface field (Al&#045;BSF) to passivated emitter and rear cell (PERC), the efficiency of multicrystalline silicon solar cells becomes more and more sensitive to variations in electrical material quality. Moreover, the variety of multicrystalline materials has increased with the introduction of high&#045;performance multicrystalline silicon. For these reasons, a reliable and verifiable assessment of the electrical material quality of multicrystalline wafers gains importance: to this end, a rating procedure based on photoluminescence imaging has been developed.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/technical-papers\/inline-quality-rating-of-multicrystalline-wafers-relevance-approach-and-performance-of-albsf-and-perc-processes\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"PV Tech\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/PV-Tech\/360525490632679\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-07-28T16:47:18+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Wafer_quality_rating.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"750\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"750\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@pv_tech\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"1 minute\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/technical-papers\/inline-quality-rating-of-multicrystalline-wafers-relevance-approach-and-performance-of-albsf-and-perc-processes\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/technical-papers\/inline-quality-rating-of-multicrystalline-wafers-relevance-approach-and-performance-of-albsf-and-perc-processes\/\",\"name\":\"Inline quality rating of multicrystalline wafers \u2013 Relevance, approach and performance of Al&#45;BSF and PERC processes - PV Tech\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/technical-papers\/inline-quality-rating-of-multicrystalline-wafers-relevance-approach-and-performance-of-albsf-and-perc-processes\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/technical-papers\/inline-quality-rating-of-multicrystalline-wafers-relevance-approach-and-performance-of-albsf-and-perc-processes\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Wafer_quality_rating.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2016-02-17T12:12:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-07-28T16:47:18+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/technical-papers\/inline-quality-rating-of-multicrystalline-wafers-relevance-approach-and-performance-of-albsf-and-perc-processes\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/technical-papers\/inline-quality-rating-of-multicrystalline-wafers-relevance-approach-and-performance-of-albsf-and-perc-processes\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/technical-papers\/inline-quality-rating-of-multicrystalline-wafers-relevance-approach-and-performance-of-albsf-and-perc-processes\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Wafer_quality_rating.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Wafer_quality_rating.jpg\",\"width\":750,\"height\":750},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/technical-papers\/inline-quality-rating-of-multicrystalline-wafers-relevance-approach-and-performance-of-albsf-and-perc-processes\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Technical Papers\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/technical-papers\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Inline quality rating of multicrystalline wafers \u2013 Relevance, approach and performance of Al&#45;BSF and PERC processes\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/\",\"name\":\"PV Tech\",\"description\":\"The number one source for in-depth and up-to-the-minute news, technical articles, blogs and reviews on the international solar PV supply chain.\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/#organization\",\"name\":\"PV Tech\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/pv-tech-logo.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/pv-tech-logo.png\",\"width\":437,\"height\":100,\"caption\":\"PV Tech\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/PV-Tech\/360525490632679\",\"https:\/\/x.com\/pv_tech\"]}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Inline quality rating of multicrystalline wafers \u2013 Relevance, approach and performance of Al&#45;BSF and PERC processes - PV Tech","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/technical-papers\/inline-quality-rating-of-multicrystalline-wafers-relevance-approach-and-performance-of-albsf-and-perc-processes\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Inline quality rating of multicrystalline wafers \u2013 Relevance, approach and performance of Al&#45;BSF and PERC processes","og_description":"With the transition of the cell structure from aluminium back&#45;surface field (Al&#45;BSF) to passivated emitter and rear cell (PERC), the efficiency of multicrystalline silicon solar cells becomes more and more sensitive to variations in electrical material quality. Moreover, the variety of multicrystalline materials has increased with the introduction of high&#45;performance multicrystalline silicon. For these reasons, a reliable and verifiable assessment of the electrical material quality of multicrystalline wafers gains importance: to this end, a rating procedure based on photoluminescence imaging has been developed.","og_url":"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/technical-papers\/inline-quality-rating-of-multicrystalline-wafers-relevance-approach-and-performance-of-albsf-and-perc-processes\/","og_site_name":"PV Tech","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/PV-Tech\/360525490632679","article_modified_time":"2023-07-28T16:47:18+00:00","og_image":[{"width":750,"height":750,"url":"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Wafer_quality_rating.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_site":"@pv_tech","twitter_misc":{"Est. reading time":"1 minute"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/technical-papers\/inline-quality-rating-of-multicrystalline-wafers-relevance-approach-and-performance-of-albsf-and-perc-processes\/","url":"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/technical-papers\/inline-quality-rating-of-multicrystalline-wafers-relevance-approach-and-performance-of-albsf-and-perc-processes\/","name":"Inline quality rating of multicrystalline wafers \u2013 Relevance, approach and performance of Al&#45;BSF and PERC processes - PV Tech","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/technical-papers\/inline-quality-rating-of-multicrystalline-wafers-relevance-approach-and-performance-of-albsf-and-perc-processes\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/technical-papers\/inline-quality-rating-of-multicrystalline-wafers-relevance-approach-and-performance-of-albsf-and-perc-processes\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Wafer_quality_rating.jpg","datePublished":"2016-02-17T12:12:00+00:00","dateModified":"2023-07-28T16:47:18+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/technical-papers\/inline-quality-rating-of-multicrystalline-wafers-relevance-approach-and-performance-of-albsf-and-perc-processes\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/technical-papers\/inline-quality-rating-of-multicrystalline-wafers-relevance-approach-and-performance-of-albsf-and-perc-processes\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/technical-papers\/inline-quality-rating-of-multicrystalline-wafers-relevance-approach-and-performance-of-albsf-and-perc-processes\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Wafer_quality_rating.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Wafer_quality_rating.jpg","width":750,"height":750},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/technical-papers\/inline-quality-rating-of-multicrystalline-wafers-relevance-approach-and-performance-of-albsf-and-perc-processes\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Technical Papers","item":"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/technical-papers\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"Inline quality rating of multicrystalline wafers \u2013 Relevance, approach and performance of Al&#45;BSF and PERC processes"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/","name":"PV Tech","description":"The number one source for in-depth and up-to-the-minute news, technical articles, blogs and reviews on the international solar PV supply chain.","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/#organization","name":"PV Tech","url":"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/pv-tech-logo.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/pv-tech-logo.png","width":437,"height":100,"caption":"PV Tech"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/PV-Tech\/360525490632679","https:\/\/x.com\/pv_tech"]}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/technical-papers\/10969","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/technical-papers"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/technical-papers"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/technical-papers\/10969\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/28321"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10969"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"paywall-tags","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/paywall-tags?post=10969"},{"taxonomy":"technical-papers-categories","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/technical-papers-categories?post=10969"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}