{"id":10219,"date":"2018-06-01T14:47:00","date_gmt":"2018-06-01T14:47:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/v4.pv-tech.org\/technical-papers\/challenges-for-the-interconnection-of-crystalline-silicon-heterojunction-solar-cells\/"},"modified":"2023-07-28T16:41:42","modified_gmt":"2023-07-28T16:41:42","slug":"challenges-for-the-interconnection-of-crystalline-silicon-heterojunction-solar-cells","status":"publish","type":"technical-papers","link":"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/technical-papers\/challenges-for-the-interconnection-of-crystalline-silicon-heterojunction-solar-cells\/","title":{"rendered":"Challenges for the interconnection of crystalline silicon heterojunction solar cells"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>By Angela De Rose; Torsten Geipel; Denis Erath; Achim Kraft; Ulrich Eitner, Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE, Freiburg, Germany<\/p>\n<p>Crystalline silicon heterojunction (HJT) solar cells and modules based on amorphous silicon on monocrystalline wafers offer advantages over established wafer&#45;based technologies in terms of efficiency potential, complexity of the manufacturing process, and energy yield of the modules. The temperature sensitivity of these solar cells, however, poses considerable challenges for their integration in modules. Currently, there exist three approaches for the interconnection of HJT solar cells, each with its own strengths and weaknesses: 1) ribbon soldering with low&#45;meltingpoint alloys; 2) gluing of ribbons by using electrically conductive adhesives (ECAs); 3) SmartWire Connection Technology (SWCT).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Crystalline silicon heterojunction (HJT) solar cells and modules based on amorphous silicon on monocrystalline wafers offer advantages over established wafer&#45;based technologies in terms of efficiency potential, complexity of the manufacturing process, and energy yield of the modules. The temperature sensitivity of these solar cells, however, poses considerable challenges for their integration in modules. Currently, there exist three approaches for the interconnection of HJT solar cells, each with its own strengths and weaknesses: 1) ribbon soldering with low&#45;meltingpoint alloys; 2) gluing of ribbons by using electrically conductive adhesives (ECAs); 3) SmartWire Connection Technology (SWCT).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":28091,"template":"","paywall-tags":[8671],"technical-papers-categories":[2921,2929],"class_list":["post-10219","technical-papers","type-technical-papers","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","paywall-tags-premium","technical-papers-categories-photovoltaics-international-papers","technical-papers-categories-pv-modules"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.4 (Yoast SEO v26.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Challenges for the interconnection of crystalline silicon heterojunction solar cells - PV Tech<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/technical-papers\/challenges-for-the-interconnection-of-crystalline-silicon-heterojunction-solar-cells\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Challenges for the interconnection of crystalline silicon heterojunction solar cells\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Crystalline silicon heterojunction (HJT) solar cells and modules based on amorphous silicon on monocrystalline wafers offer advantages over established wafer&#045;based technologies in terms of efficiency potential, complexity of the manufacturing process, and energy yield of the modules. The temperature sensitivity of these solar cells, however, poses considerable challenges for their integration in modules. Currently, there exist three approaches for the interconnection of HJT solar cells, each with its own strengths and weaknesses: 1) ribbon soldering with low&#045;meltingpoint alloys; 2) gluing of ribbons by using electrically conductive adhesives (ECAs); 3) SmartWire Connection Technology (SWCT).\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/technical-papers\/challenges-for-the-interconnection-of-crystalline-silicon-heterojunction-solar-cells\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"PV Tech\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/PV-Tech\/360525490632679\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-07-28T16:41:42+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Peel-test-and-peel-strength-data-for-ECAs-sized.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"750\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"420\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@pv_tech\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"1 minute\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/technical-papers\/challenges-for-the-interconnection-of-crystalline-silicon-heterojunction-solar-cells\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/technical-papers\/challenges-for-the-interconnection-of-crystalline-silicon-heterojunction-solar-cells\/\",\"name\":\"Challenges for the interconnection of crystalline silicon heterojunction solar cells - PV Tech\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/technical-papers\/challenges-for-the-interconnection-of-crystalline-silicon-heterojunction-solar-cells\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/technical-papers\/challenges-for-the-interconnection-of-crystalline-silicon-heterojunction-solar-cells\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Peel-test-and-peel-strength-data-for-ECAs-sized.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2018-06-01T14:47:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-07-28T16:41:42+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/technical-papers\/challenges-for-the-interconnection-of-crystalline-silicon-heterojunction-solar-cells\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/technical-papers\/challenges-for-the-interconnection-of-crystalline-silicon-heterojunction-solar-cells\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/technical-papers\/challenges-for-the-interconnection-of-crystalline-silicon-heterojunction-solar-cells\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Peel-test-and-peel-strength-data-for-ECAs-sized.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Peel-test-and-peel-strength-data-for-ECAs-sized.jpg\",\"width\":750,\"height\":420},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/technical-papers\/challenges-for-the-interconnection-of-crystalline-silicon-heterojunction-solar-cells\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Technical Papers\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/technical-papers\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Challenges for the interconnection of crystalline silicon heterojunction solar cells\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/\",\"name\":\"PV Tech\",\"description\":\"The number one source for in-depth and up-to-the-minute news, technical articles, blogs and reviews on the international solar PV supply chain.\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/#organization\",\"name\":\"PV Tech\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/pv-tech-logo.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/pv-tech-logo.png\",\"width\":437,\"height\":100,\"caption\":\"PV Tech\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/PV-Tech\/360525490632679\",\"https:\/\/x.com\/pv_tech\"]}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Challenges for the interconnection of crystalline silicon heterojunction solar cells - PV Tech","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/technical-papers\/challenges-for-the-interconnection-of-crystalline-silicon-heterojunction-solar-cells\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Challenges for the interconnection of crystalline silicon heterojunction solar cells","og_description":"Crystalline silicon heterojunction (HJT) solar cells and modules based on amorphous silicon on monocrystalline wafers offer advantages over established wafer&#45;based technologies in terms of efficiency potential, complexity of the manufacturing process, and energy yield of the modules. The temperature sensitivity of these solar cells, however, poses considerable challenges for their integration in modules. Currently, there exist three approaches for the interconnection of HJT solar cells, each with its own strengths and weaknesses: 1) ribbon soldering with low&#45;meltingpoint alloys; 2) gluing of ribbons by using electrically conductive adhesives (ECAs); 3) SmartWire Connection Technology (SWCT).","og_url":"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/technical-papers\/challenges-for-the-interconnection-of-crystalline-silicon-heterojunction-solar-cells\/","og_site_name":"PV Tech","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/PV-Tech\/360525490632679","article_modified_time":"2023-07-28T16:41:42+00:00","og_image":[{"width":750,"height":420,"url":"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Peel-test-and-peel-strength-data-for-ECAs-sized.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_site":"@pv_tech","twitter_misc":{"Est. reading time":"1 minute"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/technical-papers\/challenges-for-the-interconnection-of-crystalline-silicon-heterojunction-solar-cells\/","url":"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/technical-papers\/challenges-for-the-interconnection-of-crystalline-silicon-heterojunction-solar-cells\/","name":"Challenges for the interconnection of crystalline silicon heterojunction solar cells - PV Tech","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/technical-papers\/challenges-for-the-interconnection-of-crystalline-silicon-heterojunction-solar-cells\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/technical-papers\/challenges-for-the-interconnection-of-crystalline-silicon-heterojunction-solar-cells\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Peel-test-and-peel-strength-data-for-ECAs-sized.jpg","datePublished":"2018-06-01T14:47:00+00:00","dateModified":"2023-07-28T16:41:42+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/technical-papers\/challenges-for-the-interconnection-of-crystalline-silicon-heterojunction-solar-cells\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/technical-papers\/challenges-for-the-interconnection-of-crystalline-silicon-heterojunction-solar-cells\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/technical-papers\/challenges-for-the-interconnection-of-crystalline-silicon-heterojunction-solar-cells\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Peel-test-and-peel-strength-data-for-ECAs-sized.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Peel-test-and-peel-strength-data-for-ECAs-sized.jpg","width":750,"height":420},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/technical-papers\/challenges-for-the-interconnection-of-crystalline-silicon-heterojunction-solar-cells\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Technical Papers","item":"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/technical-papers\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"Challenges for the interconnection of crystalline silicon heterojunction solar cells"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/","name":"PV Tech","description":"The number one source for in-depth and up-to-the-minute news, technical articles, blogs and reviews on the international solar PV supply chain.","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/#organization","name":"PV Tech","url":"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/pv-tech-logo.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/pv-tech-logo.png","width":437,"height":100,"caption":"PV Tech"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/PV-Tech\/360525490632679","https:\/\/x.com\/pv_tech"]}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/technical-papers\/10219","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/technical-papers"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/technical-papers"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/technical-papers\/10219\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/28091"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10219"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"paywall-tags","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/paywall-tags?post=10219"},{"taxonomy":"technical-papers-categories","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/technical-papers-categories?post=10219"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}